A 3 week-old male presented with ulceration on the ventral surface of the tongue. His parents informed that the patient had poor nutrients intake due to pain caused by tongue ulcer. The intraoral exploration showed ulceration of 10 mm diameter enclosed with a white fibrinous layer, situated on the ventral area of the tongue and two crows of neonatal teeth located in the mandibular anterior region (Figure 1). The incisal edges of teeth were smoothened about 2 mm. During a one–month follow-up his tongue ulcer disappeared.

Numerous biological procedures are strictly controlled by cell-cell interactions, which are categorized into two forms: cognate (adhesive) interactions, attained by mutual recognition between membrane-bound cell-surface molecules; and cytokine-mediated interactions [1]. Cytokines (Greek cyto-, cell; and -kinos, movement) are a category of signaling molecules that are used extensively in cellular communication. The responses caused by these substances are diverse and interrelated. Generally, cytokines control growth, mobility and differentiation of lymphocytes, but they also exert a similar effect on other leukocytes and some non-immune cells [2].

Musculoskeletal disorders of the stomatognathic system together comprise the term temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The etiopathogenetic correlation between anterior disc displacement and osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), as the main diagnoses of arthrogenic forms of TMDs have not been fully explained. Since the early nineties of the twentieth century the diagnostics of the TMJ disorders has been improved by use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The psychological factors play an important role in the expression of pain during different stages of TMD, especially in perpetuation of TMD and in the response of such patients to treatment. Axiographic recordings of the mandibular joint motion can help with the diagnosis of muscular dyscoordination, hyper and hypomobility, dynamic asymmetries of movement, avoidance mechanisms, and joint pathologies. The clinical problematic is illustrated in a case of a 36-year-old female patient who suffered from bipolar disorder for years, which started as an unrecognized postpartum depression. MRI revealed anterior disc displacement without reduction in the left and with reduction in the right joint, with an additional osteophyte with degenerative subchondral changes of the condyle in the left joint. Osteoarthritis is mostly responsible for joint pain in general population, but experience tells us that TMJ is a dominant clinical sign and symptom which is often unrecognized as a separate entity because the criteria for clinical signs of TMJ are susceptible to validity checks compared to MRI findings.

Background: Smoking is considered as a global epidemic. Its adverse effects are well known which ranges from staining of teeth to life threatening diseases such as cancer. Smoking also has serious consequences on periodontal health and even affects periodontal treatment outcomes. Though awareness among people has increased about the ill-effects of smoking, less is known about its side effects on periodontium. Materials and methods: A questionnaire study was performed in which total 304 dental patients participated. The questionnaire consisted of 22 questions, which was made in two languages, English and Hindi. Data was collected and analysed using SPSS version 18.0. Results: Out of 304, 149 were smokers and most of them (64.43%) were of the age group 25-50 years. Majority of the respondents (92.11%) were aware of the harmful effects of smoking on general health, however only 42.11% (26.17% smokers and 57.42% non-smokers) were familiar with its effects on periodontal health. It was also seen that several smokers (64.08%) wanted to quit the habit but could not do so. Conclusion: Smokers have significantly less awareness about the adverse effects of smoking on oral and periodontal health as compared to non-smokers. Many efforts are required to increase the awareness, where health professionals including dental, medical and allied health professionals should encourage smokers to quit the habit. 4 I have also been proposed to assist smokers to quit the habit.

Jean-Joseph Dubois-Foucou was born in Toulon on February 19,1748. He studied surgery in the hospital of the same town and in the “Hôpital de la Charité”, the current University of Medicine. He graduated from surgery and was entitled master surgeon in 1766. On July 22, 1771, he officially became the member of the Royal Academy of Surgery in Paris. From this day, he practiced as a dental surgeon. As a matter of fact, his name was simply Dubois, but he added the name of Foucou, which was taken from one of his relatives, whowas an artist [1]. On July 22, 1775, Dubois-Foucou became a master in art andsurgical science when he upheld his thesis entitled: “De dentis vitiose positorum curatione” [2].

The high success rate of endodontic treatments caused an increase in demand for the post-core systems in restoration of severely damaged teeth. Although metal posts are the most commonly used alternatives, the metallic color and the opaque appearance of these materials lead to discoloration of the gums and the roots. Thus, non-metal posts systems could be preferred over metal posts to be used with all-ceramic crowns. Due to their superior mechanical and biological properties, CAM/CAD fabricated zirconia post and cores can be applied inside the root canal and can be supported with ceramic crowns. Hence, the aesthetic concerns could be attended quickly and with ease. This article presents the prosthetic rehabilitation treatment of two patients with severe dentin loss, using CAD/CAM fabricated post-core and zirconia base crowns.

The aim of this clinical study was to describe the quality of posterior composite restorations (n = 329) performed on a group of patients (n=219) during an observation period of three years at various intervals (6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months) after application. The parameters were assessed both In vivo and In vitro using clinical examinations, impressions and photography according to modified FDI criteria. For the statistical analysis of the results, the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p = 0.05 was applied. After three years, In vivo five from the seven parameters exhibited significant changes. Only “retention” and “approximal contact” remained unchanged. In vitro studied parameters “anatomical form”, “occlusal contour/wear” and “approximal contact” did not result in any significant changes, however “marginal adaptation”, “surface luster” and “overhangs” deteriorated significantly. In summary, the results of this study show that composite posterior restorations were clinically acceptable in terms of specific parameters. However, unsatisfactory results have arisen in relation to the handling of composites, stated In vivo and In vitro especially in the reconstruction of the marginal adaptation, surface and overfilling.